Telangana Has Rs 3.13 Lakh Crore in IT Exports and a Per Capita Income of Rs 4,18,931, Nearly Double India's, in the Newest of India's 28 States, Formed by Parliament on 2 June 2014

Telangana’s per capita income for 2025-26 is estimated at Rs 4,18,931, against Rs 2,19,575 for India, and its IT and IT-enabled services (ITeS) exports came to Rs 3.13 lakh crore in 2024-25, according to the state Planning Department’s Socio Economic Outlook 2026. These are the state government’s own figures, and the 2025-26 numbers are provisional advance estimates. They describe the newest of India’s 28 states, which Parliament formed on 2 June 2014. Census figures below are from 2011, because the next census is under way.

Parliament formed Telangana from ten districts of Andhra Pradesh

Nine of the ten districts that the 2014 Act names were among those added to Andhra State on 1 November 1956 from the old State of Hyderabad, which joined India in 1948, as our account of Operation Polo tells. Section 3 of the States Reorganisation Act, 1956 listed Hyderabad, Medak, Nizamabad, Karimnagar, Warangal, Khammam, Nalgonda, Mahbubnagar and Adilabad, with parts of others, and the enlarged state became Andhra Pradesh.

Deccan Chronicle’s timeline records that the Home Minister began a consultation process on 9 December 2009, that a committee headed by the retired Supreme Court judge B. N. Srikrishna submitted its report on 30 December 2010, and that the Union Cabinet approved a split on 3 October 2013.

Article 3 of the Constitution lets Parliament form a new state out of an existing one by ordinary law. Before introducing such a Bill, the President must refer it to the affected state’s legislature “for expressing its views thereon”. Andhra Pradesh’s Assembly rejected the draft by a resolution on 30 January 2014, according to Deccan Chronicle. The Lok Sabha passed the Bill by voice vote on 18 February 2014 amid protests. The President gave assent on 1 March 2014, and the Act fixes the “appointed day” as the date the Centre notifies, which the Constitution’s footnotes give as 2 June 2014.

The Act then tied the two states together for a transition. Hyderabad became the common capital for a period “not exceeding ten years” (section 5). One High Court served both states until a separate one was set up (section 30). The Act defines a population ratio of 58.32 to 41.68, from the 2011 Census, and uses it to split costs such as the common court’s judges’ salaries (sections 2 and 30). The Godavari and Krishna rivers got a Central Government Apex Council with both Chief Ministers as members and two River Management Boards, the Godavari board based in Telangana and the Krishna board in Andhra Pradesh (sections 84 and 85). Our guide to river water disputes covers the older tribunal system.

Two of those arrangements have ended. The President’s notification of 26 December 2018 created a separate Andhra Pradesh High Court from 1 January 2019, and the Hyderabad court became the High Court for Telangana, The News Minute reported. The South First reported that the common-capital period expired on 2 June 2024, leaving Hyderabad as Telangana’s sole capital, and listed the division of assets and of the institutions in the Act’s Ninth and Tenth Schedules among the issues still unsettled.

Two houses, 17 Lok Sabha seats and 33 districts

Telangana is one of six states with a second chamber, as our guide to which states have two houses sets out. The Representation of the People Act, 1950 gives the Assembly 119 seats, 19 reserved for Scheduled Castes and 12 for Scheduled Tribes. Section 23 of the 2014 Act gives the Council 40 members: 14 elected by MLAs, 14 by local bodies, 3 by graduates, 3 by teachers and 6 nominated by the Governor. Article 171 caps a council at one-third of the Assembly and sets a floor of forty, and one-third of 119 is just under 40, so Telangana sits on the floor.

In Parliament the state has 17 Lok Sabha seats, 3 reserved for Scheduled Castes and 2 for Scheduled Tribes, and 7 Rajya Sabha seats under the Fourth Schedule. The 2014 Act named ten districts, and the Outlook now counts 33. The High Court sits in Hyderabad. Under the 1966 Official Languages Act, as the Gazette’s statement of reasons records, Telugu is the official language and Urdu was the second official language in nine districts of the Telangana region. A Bill introduced on 15 November 2017 extended Urdu’s status to the whole state, citing 12.69 percent Urdu speakers, and The News Minute reported that the Assembly passed it that week.

The 2011 census counted 3,50,03,674 people, about 2.9 percent of India’s population by tuput’s arithmetic. The Outlook’s tables give 38.88 percent living in towns against 31.14 percent for India, a sex ratio of 988 women to 1,000 men against 943, and literacy of 66.54 percent, with 75.04 percent for men and 57.99 for women. The Outlook calls Telangana the 11th largest state, with 112.08 lakh hectares, or about 1.12 lakh square kilometres.

An economy of Rs 17.8 lakh crore, two-thirds of it from services

The Outlook estimates Telangana’s gross state domestic product (GSDP, the value of goods and services produced in a year) at Rs 17,82,198 crore for 2025-26, up 10.7 percent at current prices from Rs 16,09,902 crore, against 8.0 percent for India. A lakh crore is a trillion rupees. It puts the state’s share of India’s GDP at 4.99 percent, up from 4.87 percent. Services supply 68.6 percent of the state’s value added against 56.4 percent nationally, with industry at 16.3 percent and the primary sector (farming, livestock, fishing and mining) at 15.1 percent.

On exports, the Outlook says IT and ITeS earned Rs 3.13 lakh crore in 2024-25 and supported 9.39 lakh jobs, and that Hyderabad hosts nearly 20 percent of India’s Global Capability Centres, the in-house technology units that multinationals run in India. Goods exports were Rs 1,61,843 crore, seventh among states, led by aircraft and parts (29.40 percent of the total) and pharmaceutical products (26.85 percent). The Outlook credits life sciences with more than 190 investments worth over Rs 73,360 crore. Our piece on how India became the world’s pharmacy gives the national background.

The Outlook’s district tables show the concentration. Rangareddy, Hyderabad and Medchal-Malkajgiri produced Rs 3,41,080 crore, Rs 2,25,860 crore and Rs 1,16,133 crore in 2024-25, which is 42.4 percent of the state total by tuput’s arithmetic. Rangareddy’s per capita income was Rs 11,29,735 and Hanumakonda’s, the lowest of the 33 districts, Rs 2,37,809. The Outlook attributes the gap to IT parks, industry and pharmaceutical clusters near Hyderabad, against smaller industrial bases elsewhere.

What sets Telangana apart

Telangana shares Article 371D with Andhra Pradesh and with no other state. The article, inserted by the Thirty-second Amendment and in force from 1 July 1974, lets the President order equitable opportunities in public jobs and education for people from different parts of a state. Section 97 of the 2014 Act extended it to Telangana, and section 95 kept the existing admission quotas and common admission process for ten years.

The state also holds a Kakatiya-era temple that UNESCO inscribed as a World Heritage Site in 2021. The Kakatiya Rudreshwara (Ramappa) Temple at Palampet, about 200 km north-east of Hyderabad, dates to the Kakatiya period (1123 to 1323 CE). UNESCO notes its pyramidal tower of lightweight porous bricks, called floating bricks, and its sandbox foundation, which it describes as earthquake resistant. India’s tentative list for UNESCO has carried Hyderabad’s Golconda Fort, the Qutb Shahi Tombs and Charminar since 2010, and UNESCO’s entry says Charminar was built in 1591 as a ceremonial gateway for the founding of Hyderabad.

Water, a caste survey and the budget

The Kaleshwaram Lift Irrigation Project was dedicated at Medigadda on 21 June 2019. Deccan Herald reported three barrages (low dams) at Medigadda, Annaram and Sundilla, five pump houses, a cost of Rs 80,500 crore and a target of 20 lakh acres. The Outlook counts 73 major and medium irrigation projects, 42 complete, with 74.51 of a planned 127.69 lakh acres of irrigation potential created by 30 November 2025.

After piers of the Medigadda barrage sank in October 2023, a National Dam Safety Authority committee investigated. Its final report of April 2025, as The News Minute reported, said sand piping, construction flaws and design deficiencies seen at Medigadda could affect other blocks, that Annaram and Sundilla had similar flaws and were unserviceable, and that a rehabilitation design should be prepared for all three barrages and preferably reviewed by the Central Water Commission. In early October 2025 the state’s irrigation department invited design agencies to submit proposals for that work.

The state’s caste survey took 50 days in November and December 2024, and The News Minute reported that it covered 3.54 crore people, 96.9 percent of the population, and 1.12 crore of 1.15 crore families. It counted Backward Classes at 56.33 percent, including 10.08 percent who are Muslims, Scheduled Castes at 17.43 percent, Scheduled Tribes at 10.45 percent and Muslims overall at 12.56 percent. The findings went to the Assembly on 4 February 2025. The Bharat Rashtra Samithi (BRS) asked the government to explain why the Backward Classes share was below the 61 percent of a 2014 household survey, and the BJP raised doubts about accuracy. The state’s Backward Classes Welfare Minister said the survey had less than one percent error and that BRS leaders had not taken part in it.

PRS Legislative Research puts 2026-27 revenue receipts at Rs 2,41,264 crore, 76 percent from the state’s own resources and 24 percent from the Centre as central taxes and grants. The budget targets a fiscal deficit of 3 percent of GSDP, or Rs 58,459 crore, and PRS notes that revenue receipts fell 24 percent short of the budget estimate in 2024-25.

What comes next

The first phase of Census 2027, the houselisting, runs from 1 April to 30 September 2026, in a 30-day window each state sets, and the population count has a reference date of 1 March 2027, according to the Press Information Bureau. Section 26 of the 2014 Act says Assembly seats “shall be increased” from 119 to 153, “subject to the provisions contained in article 170”. Article 170 says that until figures of the first census taken after 2026 are published, the seat totals need not be readjusted, and the Representation of the People Act still lists 119.

Section 93 gave the Centre ten years from the appointed day, to 2 June 2024, to take the measures in the Act’s Thirteenth Schedule. For Telangana it lists a tribal university, a horticulture university, a SAIL feasibility study for a steel plant in Khammam, a 4,000 MW NTPC power plant and a rail coach factory feasibility study. The Outlook sets the state’s own target: a USD 3 trillion economy by 2047, with USD 1 trillion by 2034, against a baseline projection of about USD 1.21 trillion in 2047 on current momentum.